It's fascinating how far down the rabbit hole goes these days. One might think machine code as emitted by compilers would be pretty close to where the buck stops, but no. Named registers are just an abstraction on top of a larger register pool, opcodes get JIT compiled and optimized to microcode instructions, execution order is mostly just a hint for the processor to ignore if it can get things done faster by reordering or parallelizing... And memory access is probably the greatest illusion of all.
What I also find rather interesting is the concept of macro-op fusion that Intel introduced with the Core 2 processors: This means for example that a cmp ... (or test ...) followed by a conditional jump can/will be fused together to a single micro-op. In other words: Suddenly a sequence of two instruction maps to one internal micro-op. If you are interested in the details, read section 8.5 in http://www.agner.org/optimize/microarchitecture.pdf
