I'm actually surprised Go even has a complex type in it, honestly. The places where you'd use it and the types of programs you'd use Go for don't strike me as overlapping much.
This was added in C99 as part of a set of features that were all motivated by trying to make C a more viable competitor to Fortran for scientific and numeric code.
My understanding is that 1) the implementations didn't really deliver in the optimization department, and 2) the most crucial features (like VLAs) remained poorly supported and or/buggy for a long time.