As someone who used to work on the dynamics of few body systems this idea actually isn't too crazy. But there isn't really any need for AI (neural networks wouldn't be necessary). Things like deep learning are really useful when you don't have a good model for the underlying reality (coming up with a principled model of what cats look like is really hard), but in the case of planetary dynamics the physics is well understood and can be modeled explicitly.
But the underlying idea of searching for statistical perturbations to known orbits to find new objects is a good one! In fact, Mike Brown and Konsntantin Batygin did just this a few years back. They argued that perturbations to the orbits of objects in the Kuiper belt suggested that there is a planet with about the mass of Neptune somewhere out there:
But the underlying idea of searching for statistical perturbations to known orbits to find new objects is a good one! In fact, Mike Brown and Konsntantin Batygin did just this a few years back. They argued that perturbations to the orbits of objects in the Kuiper belt suggested that there is a planet with about the mass of Neptune somewhere out there:
https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AJ....151...22B/abstra...
This object hasn't been found yet, but it could still be out there!