There's practically no basements in residences in lots of Texas. In Houston a lot of the city is literally only 10-15ft above sea level, the water line is often close to the surface. Coupled with lots of rain and flooding, it's not a good idea. Then in North Texas, expansive soils are then a challenge. There's lots of shifts from drought to wet seasons that'll quickly start crushing those walls.
It's definitely possible to have basements, but it's something only the exceptionally wealthy would even bother with.
I’ve seen some in older homes and have heard “there are no basements in Texas” when I lived there. Same thing in Oklahoma, even though a house I lived in as child had one and we definitely weren’t wealthy. :)
Basements or crawl spaces? Older homes were often pier and beam construction which would have a crawl space. But most houses aren't pier and beam these days they've been pretty much all slab style since at least the 50s.
There's tons of basements in Oklahoma, you're starting to get out of the expansive soil areas I was talking about at that point. You're then also needing to worry about the frost line so your foundations would need to be deeper anyways.
I mean, don't get me wrong, you can build a basement anywhere. Its not like the ground is truly impermeable. Its really just a question of if its worth the maintenance or not depending on the terrain around. If you're going to have your sump pump constantly run because your basement is below the water line, you're going to have a bad time. If you've got expansive soils that'll constantly be changing the direction of load on your basement walls, you're going to have a bad time. Coupled with the fact you don't need to dig that deep to get deeper than the frost line, its usually just really not worth it. So its not that they can't be built, they just can't be built economically.
Really wealthy people in Texas might have a basement; its not impossible! Some really old homes before slab-style construction might have basements as well. Or they might be living in the high deserts out in West Texas. But like easily 99.9% of homes built in the majority of Texas do not have basements. If I were to ask everyone I know if they knew anyone who had a basement at any time in any home they ever lived in, the answer would probably be "no" almost every time. Finding a home built since the 1940's in this area that's less than $10M with a basement is practically finding a unicorn. Except its an expensive unicorn needing constant maintenance.
It's definitely possible to have basements, but it's something only the exceptionally wealthy would even bother with.