I have a single 18.04 machine that is stuck on that, because it has 18.04 386, and as 20.04 doesn't support 386 anymore, apparently there is not a simple upgrade path to 20.04 64-bit (without doing extensive surgery). Very annoying...
Yes, the Debian 12 fix is out. You can verify you're patched by running 'ssh -V' and verifying you see 'deb12u3'. If you see 'deb12u2' then you're vulnerable [1].
https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2024-6387